WET PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY

WET PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY

1.What are the problems associated by hard water in desizing / scouring/ bleaching/ mercerizing/ dyeing / printing / finishing?

2.What are the methods of water softening?

3.Classify water according to hardness.

4.What is hardness of water?

5.What is permanent hardness of water?

6.What is temporary hardness of water?

7. What is soap?

8.Which oils are used in soap manufacturing process?

9.What is detergent?

10.What are the advantages and disadvantages of non-ionic detergent?

11.Classify detergent.

12.What is singeing?

13.What are the objects of singeing?

14.Name some singeing machines

15.What is desizing?

16.What types of sizes commonly used for sizing?

17.Name some natural gum sizes or synthetic sizes

18.What are the methods of desizing?

19.What are the objects of desizing?

20.Define scouring, objects of scouring

21.How can you measure the quality of scouring?

22.What is keir? What are the types of kier?

23.What are the precautions to be taken for kier boiling process?

24.Which builders are used in scouring process and this purposes?

25.Define bleaching and object of bleaching

26.Name some bleaching agent

27.What are the steps of continuous bleaching process?

28.Which bleaching agent is suitable for cotton bleaching?

29.Name some oxidizing and reducing bleaching agent

30.What is dye or dyestuffs?

31.What is pigment?

32.What are the differences between dyes and pigments?

33.What is fastness?

34.What is color fastness? Give some example

35.What is a. water fastness?

            b. Wash fastness

            c. Perspiration fastness

            d. Rubbing fastness

            e. Light fastness

            f. Sea water fastness

            g. Chlorinated pool water  

36.What do you know about primary color, secondary color, and tertiary color?

37. What are the primary colors in subs tract / pigment theory of color?

And in additive / light theory of color 

38. Classify dyes on the basis of physical form and application method

39.Give some examples of water insoluble dyes and water-soluble dyes

40. What is concentration gradient?

41. What is absorption isoform?

42.What is auxochromo, chromophore group in dye stuffs?

43.Give some examples of hydrophilic and hydrophobic fibres?

44.On which factors dye selection depends?

45.Classify dyeing machines.

46.Give some examples of fibre dyeing m/c, yarn dyeing m/c and fabric dyeing m/c

47.Give some advantages and disadvantages of jet, jigger and winch dyeing m/c

48. What are the methods of semi-continuous and continuous dyeing m/c?

49.Why direct dye is called direct cotton dye and substantive dye?

50.What fibres are mainly dyed with acid dye?

51.Why acid, vat, direct, basic dyes are so called?

52.What is vatting?

53.Give some properties of direct, acid, basic and vat dye.

54.What is printing?

55.What are the styles of printing?

56.What is thickener?

57.What are the methods of printing?

58.What are the advantages and disadvantages of block printing m/c, screen-printing m/c, rotary printing m/c, transfer printing m/c and stencil printing m/c?

59.Difference between automatic flat bed screen-printing and rotary printing machine

1.    What is pigment ?

2.    What are the properties of a good pigment?

3.    What is organic and inorganic pigment?

4.    What are the differences between dye and pigment?

5.    How are pigments classified?

6.    How is pigment worked as colorant?

7.    How is pigment applied for dyeing textiles?

8.    What are the advantages and disadvantages of pigment dyeing?

9.    What are the fastness properties of pigment dyed fabrics?

10.  How are the rubbing fastness properties of pigment dyed fabrics?

11.  Name some well-known ancient natural dyes with mentioning sources.

12.  Mention the stages of textile materials in which natural dyes can be applied.

13.  Name the equipments necessary for home dyeing and very small-scale commercial dyeing in case of natural dyes.

14.  What do you understand by natural Mordants?

15.  What are the categories of natural dyestuffs?

16.  What is synthetic Mordant?

17.  What is Alizerine?

18.  What are pre-metallised dyes?

19.  What is 1:1 & 2:1 metal complex dye?

20.  What are the fastness properties of pre-metallised dyes?

21.  What are the disadvantages of metal complex dyes?

22.  Why is dye aggregation?

23.  Why is connective diffusion?

24.  What is electrical double layer?

25.  What is adsorption, sorption, desorption and diffusion?

26.  What are the factors control rate of dyeing?

27.  What is dyeing kinetics?

28.  What is dyeing equilibra?

29.  What are the factors that influence level dyeing?

30.  What is pore model?

31.  What is free volume model?

32.  What is substantivity?

33.  What is affinity?

34.  What is chromophore group?

35.  What is auxochrome?

36.  What is partition co-efficient?

37.  What is emulsion thickener?

38.  What is oil in water emulsion?

39.  What is synthetic thickener?

40.  What are the advantages of synthetic thickener?

41.  What is print paste rheology?

42.  What is HLB? Mention the range of HLB

43.  What is half emulsion?

44.  How is screen-printing m/cs classified?

45.  How is flat screen prepared?

46.  What are the factors influence the penetration of paste through screen?

47.  What is the squeeze systems used in flat screen-printing machine?

48.  How is printing quality influenced by the following factors: by the stroke and by squeeze angle?

49.  Why is adhesive system used in a fully automatic flat screen-printing m/c?

50.  What is rotary screen?

51.  What is the squeeze systems used in rotary screen-printing machine?

52.  What are the advantages of rotary screen-printing machine?

53.  What is the fundamental mechanism of screen-printing?

SPECIAL WET PROCESSING

1.    What is foam?

2.    What are the types of foam?

3.    Why foam may be used for wet processing?

4.    What is blow ratio?

5.    What is foam density?

6.    What is litre weight?

7.    Give a relationship between foam density, blow ratio and litre weight

8.    How the quality of can be evaluated?

9.    Describe FFT process of foam application

10.  Describe MITTER foam applicator for carpet

11.  Mention with suitable sketch the RSF foam application

12.  Describe Jannus mini foam application

13.  Describe Monforts foam application

14.  What are the advantages & disadvantages of foam process?

15.  Why solvent may be used for dyeing media?

16.  What are the requirements of an ideal solvent for dyeing?

17.  What are the limitations of use solvent in dyeing?

18.  Compare trichloro ethane, per chloro ethane & 1,1,1 trichloro ethane with water as a dyeing media

19.  Why polyester can be dyed successfully at 100’c temp without carrier by using solvent?

20.  What are the advantages and disadvantages of solvent dyeing?

21.  What are the light sensitive parts of a human eye?

22.  What do you mean by angle of sight?

23.  What is rod and cone?

24.  What is SCOTOPIC VISION?

25.  What are the types of cone cells?

26.  What is luminosity curve?

27.  What is PHOTOPIC VISION?

28.  What is cone sensitivity curve?

29.  What are the reasons of defective color vision/

30.  What do you mean by the term Monochromates, dichromates and trichromates?

31.  What do you mean by the term Anomalous trichromates?

32.  Describe the term Metamerism

33.   Why lamp options are necessary?

34.  Describe D65,TL84, CWF, U30, W, F, UV etc

35.  What is color-rendering index (CRI)?

36.  Describe trimatic theory of color vision

37.  What are the limitations of trimatic theory of color vision?

38.  What do you mean by CIE?

39.  What do you mean by the term CIE X42?

40.  What are hue, value, chroma?

41.  What are the properties of CIE l* a* b* color space?

42.  Describe the meaning of L* a* b*

43.  What do you mean by the terms a. color difference b. standard observer c. color contrast

44.  Describe Monochromatic contrast and polychromatic contrast

45.  Describe successive contrast and simultaneous contrast

46.  Describe contrast of hue & contrast of true

47.  What do you mean by the term color harmony?

48.  Describe with further classification, harmony of analogy & Harmony of contrast

49.  What do you mean by the term CCM system?

50.  What are the things needed for CCM system?

51.  Describe the available software

52.  Give a flow diagram of CCM system

53.  What is Kubelka-Munk theory?

54.  What is Lambert-Bur theory?

55.  What do you mean by the term K/S value?

56.  What database is required for CCM system?

57.  What optical models are used in CCM system?

58.  What are the characteristics of raw effluent of a dye house?

59.   What are the minimum qualities of effluent required to discharge in natural watercourse?

60.  What is BOD and what is COD?

61.  What are the harmful effects of effluent on environment if it is not treated?

62.  Give a ideal flow diagram of a effluent treatment and disposal system

63.  What do you mean by the term chemical coagulation?

64.  What do you mean by the term primary clarifier and secondary clarifier?

65.  Why biological treatment needed for the effluent?

66.  What are the types of sludge handling system?

                  

 PART-III

1.    What are the minimum standards of dye house water quality?

2.    Define German hardness, French hardness, English hardness and American hardness.

3.    Classify water according to hardness

4.    What are the bases of determination of total hardness by soap method?

5.     What do you mean by the term “standard soap”? & How it can be prepared?

6.    What is scudding factor and how it can be considered?

7.    How temporary hardness can be determined by titration method?

8.    What problems may arise in the boiler due to hardness?

9.    What are the boilers feed water feeds standard?

10.  What are the problems may arise in the processing due to hardness?

11.  What are the conventional methods of water softening?

12.  What is demineralization process? What do you mean by this term compacting?

13.  What problem may arise in the processing due to iron contact in water?

14.  How the iron problems can be minimized?

15.  What do you mean by the term alkaline hardness?

16.  How alkaline hardness can be determined?

17.  Give the procedures of correction of alkalinity?

18.   What do you mean by the term surface-active agent?

19.  What are the mechanisms of oil/ dirt detachment from the fibre surface by detergents?

20.  Give the classification of detergent

21.  Give at least one example from each type of detergent

22.  What are the special characteristics of amphoteric detergent?

23.  How detergency power can be evaluated?

24.  Why the use of softener is increasing day by day?

25.  What are the desirable properties of textile softeners?

26.  What are the types of textile softeners?

27.  Why cationic softener is more used than the others?

28.  Write about reactive softeners

29.  Give the examples of anionic and non-ionic softeners

30.  Write notes on amphoteric softeners

31.  What are normal silicon softeners and what are amino-functional silicon polymers?

32.  How you can distinguish silicon macro emulsion and silicon micro emulsion?

33.  What are the outstanding advantages of silicon softeners?

34.  How bacteria degrade and damage the fabric?

35.  What are cellulose enzymes?

36.  What are the conditions that can cause bacterial growth?

37.  What are the requirements of an anti-bacterial agent?

38.  How creating physical barrier for the bacterial attack can protect fabric?

39.  Describe the methods of anti-bacterial finish by using toxic agent?

40.  How fabric can be protected from bacteria by chemical modification?

41.  What are the latest developments on anti-bacterial finish?