A Abstract Unrecognizable forms and
layouts. In the textile business the word "abstract" is used to describe a
nonobjective motif that cannot be described any other way.
»
Adaptation A design based on another design but significantly modified and altered to be considered new and different.
»
Airbrush Imitating effects produced with a painter's spray air gun. Often creates
patterns with a light, soft, and modern look.
»
Alleyways Unintentional lines formed by
negative spaces (spaces vacant of
motifs) in a design.
»Allover A
layout in which
motifs are fairly close and evenly distributed as opposed to stripes,
borders,
plaids, and
engineered designs. Another term is
overall.
»
Anthemion A classical
motif based on a
stylized honeysuckle plant or a radiating, fan-shaped palm leaf (
palmette) commonly found in Greek, Egyptian, Assyrian, and other ancient art.
»
Arabesque An elaborate ornamental design of intertwined
floral or
geometric motifs. Commonly comes from (or inspired by) Islamic art or architecture.
»
Argyle A
pattern of
diamond-shaped rectangles in a diagonal alternating (
checkerboard) arrangement. Typically uses a small number (two or three) colors. Mostly used in knitted fabrics. An alternative spelling is Argyll.
»
Art Deco A style of
decorative art typical of the 1920s and 1930s. The name was derived from the 1925 International Exhibition in Paris that showed "des Arts Decoratifs."
»
Art Nouveau A design style of the late 19th century characterized by dynamic, flowing curves suggesting foliate
motifs.
»
Asymmetrical Pattern A
pattern lacking visible signs of symmetry, such as rotation or reflection.
»
Asymmetry The absence of symmetry in a
motif or
pattern. See
Asymmetrical Pattern.
»
Awning Stripes A
pattern of relatively wide, even, usually vertical stripes of solid color on a lighter
ground. Resembles the pattern on awning fabrics.
»
BBackground The part of a design that appears to be farthest from the viewer and behind the objects of interest. Can be a solid color,
texture, random objects, or another
pattern (
patterned ground). Also called
ground. Opposite of
foreground.
»
Balanced Design A design with no
line-ups,
alleyways, or
holes.
»
Balanced Stripes A symmetrical
layout, in which colored bands are arranged around a "center."
»
Bandanna A square piece of usually colorfully
patterned cloth worn on the head (
kerchief) or used as a handkerchief, neckerchief, or a costume accessory. Also bandana.
»
Barcode A
stripe pattern consisting of lines of varying width as in a barcode.
»
Basketweave An
allover pattern resembling the structure of a basket or a woven fabric. See also examples in
weaving.
»
Batik A design with a tie-dyed appearance created by coating the parts of cloth not to be dyed with removable wax. Colors often include indigo, dark brown, and white. Certain
patterns have historic meanings and can only be worn by nobility.
»
Bayadere Stripes Brightly colored stripes of various widths laid out horizontally (from side to side on the fabrics). The color effects usually range from lively to startling to bizarre. Often made with black warps and crosswise ribs (
plain or
twill weave). Mostly produced in India. The name is derived from the Bayadere dancing girl of India, dedicated to a dancing life from birth.
»
Bead and Reel A
decorative motif consisting of oval or round shapes ("beads") alternating with elongated or cylindrical shapes ("reels").
»
Bengal Stripes Stripes of apparently the same width and alternating light and dark colors. Bengal stripes are usually wider than candy stripes, but narrower than
awning stripes. Commonly used in wallpaper, upholstery, and shirtings. Originated in India and became popular during the Regency era in the United Kingdom. Also called
Regency stripes and tiger stripes.
»
Bird's Eye A
weave forming small-scale
diamond shapes (
diaper) each with a dot in the center, suggestive of the eye of a bird. Also a small-scale (typically
geometric) design of a similar shape. A somewhat bigger weave is sometimes referred to as
pheasant's eye.
»
Blending A technique of producing
seamless patterns by smoothing away boundaries between neighboring units of repeat.
»
Block Printing A type of relief printing where
motifs are printed with wooden blocks. One of the earliest methods of textile printing.
»Block Repeat A
layout in which the repeating unit appears directly on a horizontal line to the left or right of the original design unit. Also called
square repeat,
straight-across repeat, and
straight repeat.
»
Blotch An irregular area of
foreground or
background color around the
motif.
»
Border Design A
pattern designed to run lengthwise along the edge of the fabric or wallpaper.
»
Botanical A pattern design showing realistic representation of herbs, garden plants, and other botanical objects. Also a design based on botanical illustrations.
»
Boteh A
stylized teardrop-shaped design originally on shawls from Kashmir and mass-produced in Paisley, Scotland. Same as
paisley.
»
Brick Layout A
layout in which every second row is shifted halfway in the horizontal direction.
»
Brocatelle A variant of
damask that incorporates a
satin or
twill figuring that is contrasted with a
plain or
satin-weave ground.
»Bull's Eye A
pattern of concentric circles, often creating
optical effects, such as movement or pulsation.
»
CComputer Aided Design (CAD) A
pattern design CAD software application is a tool for creating
repeat patterns by computer. Not to be confused with fashion CAD systems that deal with creating patterns for garments, footwear, or accessories.
»
Calico A small-scale
allover floral design in bright colors originally from India. Later associated with American country-style.
»
Camouflage A
pattern that conceals the object by blending it into its environment or providing a false impression of the object characteristics (disruptive pattern).
Digital camouflage patterns are often pixelated, without discernible shapes or features.
»
Cartouche An oblong
decorative figure resembling a frame, tablet, shield, or
scroll bearing an inscription or emphasizing a design element. Used as a standalone or as part of a
pattern's motif. On ancient Egyptian monuments, an enclosure for royal and divine names.
»
Cat Patterns Patterns featuring
cats
or generally on a cat
theme.
»
Celtic Knot A knot formed by interfaced ribbons that lead seamlessly into one another. Same as
everlasting knot.
»
Check A
pattern of squares. Some of the check patterns (in order of increasing size) are
pincheck,
mini check,
Gingham check,
tattersall check, and
windowpane check.
»
Chequer A
pattern of squares of alternating colors,
textures, or materials. Another spelling is checker pattern. Same as checkerboard pattern.
»
Chevron A traditional, woven or printed design of zigzags in a
stripe layout, also called
herringbone.
»
Chinoiserie Any Western interpretation of an Oriental design.
»Chintz Glazed fabric, usually printed in bright
florals and stripes, mostly used for drapery and upholstery, but also for apparel.
»Christmas Patterns Patterns on the Christmas
theme. Used for gift wrap, fabrics, greeting cards, and other applications.
»
Collage A collage
pattern is one assembled by gluing paper scraps, photographs, cloth, or other objects onto a flat surface. Also an imitation of such a technique. Derived from the French "coller", to glue.
»
Composite Overlay Two or more
patterns stacked on top of each other. A typical example is
patterned background.
»
Composite Repeat A combination of two or more symmetry types in one
pattern. For example, rotational
medallions put in a drop repeat. In Artlandia SymmetryWorks, created with replicas.
»
Contemporary A design with simple, extremely
stylized motifs.
»Contour A
pattern of outlines highlighting or suggesting shapes or figures of the
motif.
»
Contract A design for nonresidential markets such as offices, hotels, and hospitals.
»
Conversational A design with recognizable objects in the
motif. Also called
object prints.
»
Coordinates Two or more designs related to each other in color, subject matter, and/or technique that are intended to be used together.
»Coral An
organic allover pattern suggestive of coral growth.
»
Counterchange A design where a certain color of the
motif and its
ground are reversed in another part of the design to balance the elements. See also
two-color symmetries.
»
Coverage The amount of design area in relation to the
negative space.
»
Croquis A fully painted design that is not in repeat; same as
sketch.
»
DDamask A jacquard woven ornamental reversible fabric usually in one color. Originally produced from silk or wool.
»Decorative Design Artwork created for use in
home furnishing and interior decoration.
»Diamond A
pattern whose elements are arranged along diagonal (diamond) lines.
»
Diaper A small-scale
geometric pattern in a
set layout of
interlocking or closely aligned forms. Also a
weave forming a
diamond (diagonal) pattern.
»
Digital Pattern A pattern that consists of computer-generated elements, such as pixelated or fractal shapes. More broadly, can refer to
digital pattern art. An example of a digital pattern would be a
digital camouflage pattern.
»
Digital Pattern Art A pattern created using a computer as an essential tool in the design process. Examples include
digital patterns that exhibit typical computer-generated elements or shapes, such as pixelated or fractal shapes; patterns that would be difficult or impossible to create without a computer, such as algorithmic or procedural patterns; and patterns produced using digital image manipulation techniques.
»
Directional A design in which
motifs are oriented along one or several directions. Examples of directional design include
one-way,
two-way, and
four-way layouts. Also a design that looks correct from only one direction. The opposite is a
non-directional (undirectional) design.
»
District Check A
check pattern that originates from uniforms identifying specific Scottish estates. Famous district check patterns include the
Glen checks, the
Shepherd, the Dupplin, the Benmore, and others. See also Tartans.
»
Ditsies A ditsie (ditzy) is an
allover design of small buds, circles, zigzags, and other elements that are simple, eccentrically silly, and may be
funny
.
»
Ditzy A ditzy (ditsie) is an
allover design of small buds, circles, zigzags, and other elements that are simple, eccentrically silly, and may be funny.
»
Documentary Design A design based on documents or original (usually historical) material and reproduced closely to the original, often using a different technology. Compare to
adaptation.
»
Dog's tooth A
pattern of small broken or jagged
checks created by four-pointed stars. Same as
hound's tooth.
»
Dotted Swiss A
pattern of small, evenly spaced raised dots (usually on a thin, lightweight fabric).
»
Drybrush Employing or imitating effects produced with a brush holding a small to negligible amount of paint. Characterized by a scratchy,
textured look.
»
EEccentrics An eccentric is a
pattern of thin lines generating an illusion of a distortion or op-art effects. Another spelling is excentrics. The class is believed to be originated from the
Lane's Net pattern.
»
Egg and Dart A classic design consisting of an oval element alternating with an arrow-like element.
»
Engineered A
motif or group of motifs designed to fit a specific shape.
»
Ethnic Art typical of a specific nationality or a design based on folk art.
»
Everlasting Knot A knot formed by interfaced ribbons that lead seamlessly into one another. Same as
Celtic knot.
»
FFall-on One transparent color falling on another producing a third color. Also called
trapping.
»Field The area of a design that is not the
border.
»Figurative A type of
conversational design that uses human or animal figures, often of historic, mythological, or poetic origin. Another term is "figural" design.
»
Fleur-de-lis A
stylized three-petal or four-petal lily. Originally a symbol of purity. Since the Middle Ages has been used in heraldic ornaments.
»
Floral A design using flowers and other nature elements such as seed pods, leaves, and marine plants.
»
Foreground The part of a design that appears to be closest to the viewer and in front of other objects. Contrast to
background.
»
Foulard A small-scale
pattern with basic
block repeat, also called a
set pattern or a tailored pattern. Originally, the term foulard referred to a soft, lightweight silk cloth. Classic foulards are small-scale, regular-shaped
geometrics, usually in set layouts.
»
Four-way Layout A design in which
motifs face all four directions, for example, up, down, left, and right.
»
Fret Pattern A plane
geometric pattern or an
interlocking motif in a band or
border that consists of lines that meet at right angles. Also known as
Greek key pattern. Often used as an ornamental
border design.
»
Fretwork Ornamental openwork, such as created with a fretsaw or scroll saw. Often used in furniture of metal decorations. Also a carved design in architecture.
»
Frieze Pattern A
pattern that repeats in one direction. There are exactly seven (7) mathematical classes of frieze patterns. Compare with two-dimensional
(wallpaper) patterns that have exactly seventeen (17) mathematical types.
»
GGeometric A
motif, pattern, or design depicting
abstract, nonrepresentational shapes such as lines, circles, ellipses, triangles, rectangles, and polygons.
»
Geometric Design A design based on a
geometric pattern, often contrasted with representational designs, such as
floral or
conversational.
»
Gingham Check Fabrics woven in a
block or
check effect. An
allover pattern of solid-color squares made by overlapping stripes of the same width.
»
Glen Check One of the
district check patterns that typically includes
hound's tooth (broken)
check areas on intersections of alternating darker and lighter stripes. Also called the Prince of Wales check. Commonly used in suiting fabrics.
»
Graph Check A
check pattern created by crossing lines on a solid
ground that resembles graph paper.
»
Graphic A design created for the purpose of printing. Also refers to a design with a bold look.
»Greek Key Pattern A plane
geometric pattern or a
border interlocking that consists of lines that meet at right angles. Also known as
fret pattern. Often used as an ornamental
border design.
»
Ground The part of a design that appears to be farthest from the viewer and behind the objects of interest. Can be a solid color,
texture, random objects, or another pattern (
patterned ground). Also called
background. Opposite of
foreground.
»
Guilloche A
decorative repeat of interlacing curved bands, sometimes forming circles.
»
HHairline Stripe The thinnest
stripe pattern possible, with stripe width of about the diameter of human hair.
»
Half-drop A
layout in which the
motif is repeated halfway down the side in the vertical direction. The most frequently used repeat in
textile design.
»
Hand The style of an artist's design. Tight hand is very fine and detailed; loose hand is a freer, more
stylized way of drawing.
»
Herati A
stylized rosette, enclosed in a
diamond, with a serrated "acanthus leaf" along each side, often used as a
motif in the rug designs from the Caspian region. The "leaf" may actually represent a fish and then the pattern is also called the mahi (fish) design. The name comes from the city of Herat in Northwestern Afghanistan (formerly the Persian empire).
»
Herringbone Pattern A traditional woven or printed design of zigzags in a
stripe layout, also called
chevron. Herringbone is also a type of
twill weave that forms a "V" pattern (also called a broken twill).
»
Holes Uneven gaps between
motifs in a design.
»Home Furnishing (Home Fashion) A field of design dealing with products for interior design and decoration, such as upholstery, bedding, rugs, and carpets.
»Hound's Tooth A pattern of small broken or jagged
checks created by four-pointed stars. Same as
dog's tooth.
»
IIkat Pattern A pattern design created by tie-dyeing either warp or weft threads prior to weaving the fabric, or a design simulating such a technique.
»
Interlocking Pattern An arrangement in which
motifs are linked or otherwise fit together so that one cannot be moved without affecting others. See also
tessellations.
»
Irregular Repeat A design based on the same principles as the
half-drop and
brick layout repeats, but in which consecutive units are not always moved by a fraction of the
repeat size.
»
KKerchief A triangular scarf or a square scarf that is folded into a triangle and worn over the head or about the neck for protective or
decorative purposes. A
bandanna is a colorful kerchief.
»
LLane's Net A pattern of
diamonds rotated by 45 and 90 degrees. Diamonds are filled with thin lines radiating from the opposing ends. Legendarily, created by accident in England in the first part of the 19th century and is believed to engender the class of
eccentrics.
»
Latticework A design of interlacing, crisscrossing stripes forming a network. See also
trellis.
»
Layout An arrangement of
motifs in a pattern, such as
diamond, drop, gradation, grid,
spot, and others. Also called repeat system.
»
Liberty Style An
allover, small-scale
organic (usually
floral and other plant-inspired) printed or dyed patterns, characterized by highly
stylized, flowing curvilinear forms and subtle, artistic tones of Art Nouveau, developed by Liberty & Co. of London.
»
Line-up An unintentional straight line formed by
motifs in a horizontal, vertical, or diagonal direction.
»Logo Patterns Patterns created from a logo. Used on stationary, fabric, and other identity items.
»
MMadder A brown-red dye or pigment obtained from the roots of the plant Rubia tinctorum or an analogous synthetic dye. Also known as Turkey red. A pattern in that
palette.
»
Madras A design with brightly colored stripes,
plaid, uneven
checks, or other design elements, usually on a plain-colored
background. Characteristic for a fine,
plain-woven shirting or dress cotton fabric originated in India. Bleeding madras used dyes that resulted in bleeding and often fading of colors each time the fabric was laundered.
»
Medallion A circular part of the design in the shape of a disk, oval,
diamond, hexagon, or other rotational figure, typically with a mirror symmetry, often used in the center as a focal point of an
engineered design, or as an
organic part of the
motif.
»
Millefleurs French for thousand flowers. A flower-studded pattern with naturalistically depicted flowers, originally used on medieval pictorial tapestries.
»Mini Check A very small-scale
check pattern of even-sized checks of the same color on a solid
ground. Check sizes are somewhere between the
pincheck and the
Gingham check.
»
Moire Ripples, wavy lines, and similar effects produced by superposition of two or more simpler patterns, for example, two sets of lines.
»
Mongrel A
plaid design in which the warp
stripe layout and filling stripe layout are different.
»Mosaic A pattern constructed from small colored pieces.
»
Motif One or many distinctive and recurring elements, forms, shapes, or figures that make up a design.
»
NNaturalistic A design with realistic depictions of
organic or non-organic forms.
»
Neats A neat is an
allover, small-scaled, spaced pattern with
floral or
geometric motifs usually printed in one or two colors on a white or colored
ground. Inexpensive to produce and economical for dressmaking.
»
Negative Space The area between
motifs in a
layout.
»Non-directional A pattern that looks the same from any direction. Same as
undirectional pattern. The opposite is a
directional pattern.
»
Nonobjective A design without recognizable natural objects, figures, or scenes.
»
OObject Print Another term for a
conversational pattern.
»
Ogee An onion-shaped
motif.
»
Ombre A shaded effect with gradual changes from dark to light in value, and open to closed in
coverage.
»
One-directional A
directional pattern that has a distinct top and bottom. Often used in
floral, scenic, and
figurative designs. See also
one-way layout. A typical example is the one-directional
allover pattern.
»
One-way Layout A design in which all
motifs are oriented the same way. See also
one-directional pattern.
»
Optical Art An
abstract artwork that creates the illusion of movement, vibrating effects,
moire (moiré) patterns, an exaggerated sense of depth, or other visual effects.
»
Organic A design inspired by, based on, or composed of plants or a matter of animal origin. Contrast to
geometric.
»
Overall A
layout in which
motifs are fairly close and evenly distributed as opposed to stripes,
borders,
plaids, and
engineered designs. Another term is
allover.
»
PPacked A
layout in which the
motifs are placed close together.
»
Paisley A
stylized teardrop-shaped design that originally appeared on kashmir shawls mass-produced in Paisley, Scotland.
»
Palette The selected group of colors, shades, or patterns chosen to create a particular work of art.
»Palmette A classical
motif based on a
stylized radiating, fan-shaped palm leaf commonly found in Greek, Egyptian, Assyrian, and other ancient art. Also
Anthemion.
»
Patchwork A pattern simulating a pieced-together effect of different design elements.
»
Pattern A design for
decorating
a surface composed of a number of elements (
motifs) arranged in a regular or formal manner. Often refers to "
repeat pattern."
»
Pattern Classifications Ways to group (classify) patterns according to their traits, such as:
- symmetry (for example, seventeen planar symmetry types)
- layout type (diamond, drop, gradation, grid, spot, etc.)
- layout arrangement (allover, foulard, etc.)
- pattern directions (one-way, two-way, undirectional, etc.)
- motif or subject matter (florals, geometrics, paisleys, conversationals, abstract, plaid, stripe, etc.;florals can be further subdivided into roses, palmette (botanical or stylized), etc.; conversationalscan be subdivided into pictorials, figuratives, etc.; geometrics into line patterns, argyle, etc.)
- production technique used or imitated (watercolor, airbrush, hound's tooth weaving, herringbone,chevron, satin, picotage, eccentrics, batik, etc.)
- repeating on the infinite plane or designed to fit a specific shape (engineered)
- purpose or application (apparel, home furnishing, camouflage, etc.)
- scale (small-scale for contract design or large-scale for home furnishing)
- target garment or accessory (rugs, bandanna, neckwear, etc.)
- coloring (madders, khaki, etc.)
- historic period, art movement, or place of origin (Art Deco, Art Nouveau, Liberty style, Pop Art, Toile De Jouy, Herati, Tartan, ethnic (Indian, African tribal, Maya, etc.), contemporary, etc.)
These classifications are not mutually exclusive and patterns are frequently described as belonging to more than one class; for example, an
abstract undirectional allover madder camouflage pattern, which has the simple shift symmetry and the
half-drop layout.
»
Patterned Ground A
background (
ground) that is in itself a pattern. Often consists of stripes,
plaids, dots, zigzags, and other small
geometric elements or
textures, but can also contain flowers and more complex
motifs.
»
Pencil Stripes A
stripe pattern produced by lines that are about as thick as ones drawn by pencil. The distance between lines is often wider than the lines. Also called dress stripe.
»
Pet Patterns Patterns featuring pets or generally on a pets
theme. One example is
cat patterns.
»
Pheasant's Eye A
weave forming
diamond shapes that are somewhat bigger than
bird's eye weaves.
»
Picotage An old style of creating
stipple patterns in textile printing when highlights and shadows are produced with different sizes of brass pins driven into a wooden
block. Also called pinning. Imitated with a modern technology to create an old-fashion look.
»
Pincheck A
check pattern produced by intersecting pin-sized stripes that are one or two yarns thick.
»
Pinstripe A
stripe pattern produced by (sometimes broken) very thin lines that are one or two yarns thick.
»
Plaid A design that consists of crossing bands or stripes of color, almost always at right angles.
»
Plain Weave The simplest
weave in which each weft thread passes over and under each warp thread. Compare with plain and
satin weaves.
»
Pop Art An art movement in the 1960s that featured graphic images of everyday figures and objects.
»
Portfolio A collection of designs.
»Powdered Ornament A pattern consisting of evenly spaced scatterings of small
motifs such as flower springs and stars.
»Primitive Art Art that is simple, naive, or unsophisticated in style, has the imagery of folk art, and often places emphasis on form and expression and looks childlike.
»
QQuatrefoil A
stylized four-petal flower or a leaf with four leaflets used as a pattern
motif or in an ornament, often having a heraldic or symbolic meaning. A similar three-petal motif is a
trefoil.
»
Quilting The art of stitching two or more layers of fabric to create a thicker garment, often having an
allover pattern on the top layer.
»
RRandom A design in which elements (for example flowers) are scattered randomly within the unit of repeat. Same as
tossed layout.
»
Recall The repetitive use of the same or similar
motifs within a
croquis or
sketch. Variations in the motifs can include color, shape, weight, or
scale.
»Regency Stripes Stripes of apparently the same width and alternating light and dark colors. Regency stripes are usually wider than candy stripes, but narrower than
awning stripes. Commonly used in wallpaper, upholstery, and shirtings. Originated in India and became popular during the Regency era in the United Kingdom. Also called
Bengal stripes and tiger stripes.
»
Regimental Stripe A
stripe pattern with colors originating from British regiments. Most often used in neckwear. Also called regimentals.
»
Rendering Another term for finished
croquis.
»Repeat The horizontal or vertical distance between identical elements of a
repeat pattern. In the United States, the repeat is usually measured in inches, for example, a 27" repeat.
»Repeat Pattern A design for decorating a surface composed of a number of elements (
motifs) arranged in a regular or formal manner. Same as
repeating pattern. Often simply called "
pattern." See also
seamless repeating pattern.
»
Repeating Pattern A design for decorating a surface composed of a number of elements (
motifs) arranged in a regular or formal manner. Same as
repeat pattern. See also
seamless repeating pattern.
»
Roman Stripes Bright, multicolored contrasting vertical stripes.
»
SSateen Repeat A non-directional pattern in which
motifs are arranged on a rectangular grid in such a way that each "row" and "column" of the repeated unit contains only one instance of the
motif. Additionally, the motifs may be rotated and/or reflected to produce a more uniform pattern. Same as
spot repeat. The distribution of the motifs in the grid resembles the
satin weave.
»
Satin Weave A
weave in which each weft thread floats over as many as 12 warps and then under a single warp. The next weft passes over the same number of warps, but is woven in by different warps. Compare with
plain and
twill weaves.
»
Scale The relative size of a
motif or
layout.
»
Scale Pattern Design created with overlapping arcs. Also called clamshells. Encountered in many cultures through the millennia.
»
Scroll A ribbon-like
motif in the shape of a partly rolled scroll of paper.
»Seamless Patterns Repeating patterns without visible boundaries between
motifs. Created by elements of the motif that appear in a regular manner (as in
set layout) or artfully extend beyond geometric boundaries of the repeating region (as in
interlocking patterns).
Blending of neighboring units is another way to achieve seamless repeats.
»
Serpentine Stripes A pattern arranged along wavy (sinusoidal) lines, reminiscent of reptilian movements.
»
Set Layout A design in which
motifs are arranged as if on a hidden grid.
»
Shades Colors to which black has been added.
»Shepherd's Check The simplest of the
district check patterns consisting of small, even-sized checks of two colors. Resembles the
Gingham check. Was also known as "Spongebag."
»
Side Repeat The horizontal repeat of a design or cloth.
»Sketch A fully painted design that is not in repeat; same as
croquis.
»
Spot Repeat A non-directional pattern in which
motifs are arranged on a rectangular grid in such a way that each "row" and "column" of the repeated unit contains only one instance of the motif. Additionally, the motifs may be rotated and/or reflected to produce a more uniform pattern. Same as
sateen repeat. The distribution of the motifs in the grid resembles the
satin weave.
»
Sprig A
tossed pattern of small shoots, twigs, or leaves of a plant, commonly on a pastel
background.
»
Square Repeat A
layout in which the repeating unit appears directly on a horizontal line to the left or right of the original design unit. Also called
block repeat,
straight-across repeat,
straight repeat, and "full-drop repeat".
»
Stipple Dots placed closely together, creating a
textured or shaded effect. See also
picotage.
»
Straight-across Repeat A
layout in which the repeating unit appears directly on a horizontal line to the left or right of the original design unit. Also called
block repeat,
square repeat, and
straight repeat.
»
Straight Repeat A
layout in which the repeating unit appears directly on a horizontal line to the left or right of the original design unit. Also called
block repeat,
square repeat, and
straight-across repeat.
»
Striae A design made of stripes that change subtly in color and/or
texture in one direction.
»
Stripe A pattern of bands or strips, often of the same width and color along the length. Some of the stripe patterns (in order of increasing width) are
hairline stripes,
pinstripes,
pencil stripes, candy stripes,
bengals, and
awnings.
»
Stylized A design with modified or abstracted elements that give the design a more
decorative look.
»Surface Pattern A
repeat pattern on a two-dimensional plane. Same as
wallpaper pattern. There are exactly seventeen (17) types of surface patterns. See
wallpaper groups. Similarly, there are seven (7)
frieze patterns that correspond to seven types of linear patterns.
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Swatch A small piece of cloth used as a sample. In computer programs, such as Adobe Illustrator, a pattern swatch is a tileable, rectangular unit of a
repeat pattern.
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TTapestry A woven
textile art with hidden warp (vertical) threads and visible colored weft (horizontal) threads usually depicting a
floral design,
geometric pattern, or historic or other pictorial
motif. Commonly used for wall hangings, curtains, and upholstery.
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Tartan Woven
plaids that consist of stripes of different widths and colors that were originally patterned to designate a distinctive Scottish clan. Now any
plaids with a similar look.
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Tattersall A relatively small-scale
check pattern (smaller than
windowpane) produced by regularly spaced, evenly colored thin lines on a usually light
ground.
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Tessellations A
repeat pattern composed of
interlocking shapes that can be extended infinitely.
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Textile Design The art and science of designing for fabrics. Typically (but not always) involves the creation of
repeat patterns. Specifications differ drastically depending on application (
contract, apparel,
home furnishings, etc.), technology (printed, woven, etc.), and other considerations. Commonly done with software.
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Texture A pattern creating the appearance, feel, or illusion of a structure of a surface. Often depicts fabric, earth, wood, or building, granular, and other materials.
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Theme A subject matter for a design or collection; for example, a
Christmas theme or a
pets theme.
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Toile De Jouy A decorating pattern on a scenic, pastoral, or
floral theme usually printed in one color on a light or white
ground. Originated in 18th century France. Often abbreviated to "toile."
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Tossed A design in which elements (for example flowers) are scattered randomly within the unit of repeat. Also called
random layout.
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Tracery The ornamental framework of interlacing stone, wood, or cast iron ribs supporting (or implying the support of) glass in a Gothic window.
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Transitional A
naturalistic design that is highly
stylized, but still showing some recognizable elements.
»Trapping One semi-transparent color falling on another to produce a third color. Also called
fall-on.
»Trefoil A
stylized three-petal flower or a leaf with three leaflets used as a pattern
motif or in an ornament, often having a heraldic or symbolic meaning. A similar four-petal motif is a
quatrefoil.
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Trellis A pattern featuring a supporting structure of interwoven pieces of wood or metal (
latticework) sometimes adorned with climbing vines or flowers.
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Turnover A design in which the
motif is flipped horizontally or vertically.
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Twill Weave A
weave in which each weft thread passes over two (or more) warps and then under the same number of warps to produce diagonal ridges. Compare with
plain and
satin weaves.
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Two-color (Counterchange) Symmetries Symmetries that combine geometrical operations (translations, rotations, reflections, and glide reflections) with color reversals. There are exactly 46 types of two-color symmetries on the plane. See also
counterchange pattern.
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Two-directional Pattern A
directional pattern that has features in two directions, typically at 90° or 180°. A design that is reversible in the top and bottom directions is also called a
two-way design.
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Two-way Layout A design in which half the
motifs face an opposite direction, for example, up and down. See also
two-directional design.
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UUnbalanced Stripes Unbalanced stripes do not have a "center" and are asymmetrical stripes.
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Undirectional A design that looks the same from any direction. Same as non-directional design. The opposite is a
directional pattern.
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VVermicular A pattern of irregular twisted lines (derived from the Latin "worm"). Also called vermiculate and vermiculated (for example vermiculated
ground), seaweed, scribble, maze, and network pattern. Can be formed by dots (see stippling and
picotage).
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WWallpaper Group cm A symmetry type characterized by reflections and glide-reflections with parallel axes. Produces "Mirror & glide" patterns (cm patterns).
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Wallpaper Group cmm A symmetry type characterized by perpendicular reflections and perpendicular glide-reflections. Produces "Perpendicular mirrors & glide" patterns (cmm patterns).
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Wallpaper Group p1 A symmetry type represented only by translations (shifts). Produces "Simple shift" patterns (p1 patterns).
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Wallpaper Group p2 A symmetry type characterized by 180° rotations (half-turns). Produces "Half-turn" patterns (p2 patterns).
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Wallpaper Group p3 AA symmetry type characterized by 120° rotations. Produces "Three rotations" patterns (p3 patterns).
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Wallpaper Group p31m A symmetry type characterized by reflections in axes intersecting at 60° and 120° rotations. Produces "Three rotations & mirrors" patterns (p31m patterns).
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Wallpaper Group p3m1 A symmetry type characterized by reflections in axes intersecting at 60° and 120° rotations around centers that lie on the reflection axes. Produces "Three mirrors" patterns (p3m1 patterns).
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Wallpaper Group p4 A symmetry type characterized by 90° rotations (quarter-turns). Produces "Pinwheel" patterns (p4 patterns).
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Wallpaper Group p4g A symmetry type characterized by reflections and both 90° and 180° rotations. Produces "Quarter-turns & rotated mirrors" patterns (p4g patterns).
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Wallpaper Group p4m A symmetry type characterized by 90° (quarter-turn) rotations with centers on reflection axes, as in a kaleidoscope produced by three mirrors, two of which intersect at 90° and two at 45°. Produces "Quarter-turns & mirrors" patterns (p4m patterns).
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Wallpaper Group p6 A symmetry type characterized by 60° rotations. Produces "Six rotations" patterns (p6 patterns).
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Wallpaper Group p6m A symmetry created by reflections in three mirrors intersecting at 90°, 60°, and 30°. Produces "Kaleidoscope" patterns (p6m patterns).
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Wallpaper Group pg A symmetry type characterized by glide-reflections in paralel axes. Produces "Glide reflection" patterns (pg patterns).
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Wallpaper Group pgg A symmetry type characterized by glide-reflections in two perpendicular axes. Produces "Double glide" patterns (pgg patterns).
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Wallpaper Group pm A symmetry type characterized by reflections in parallel axes. Produces "Mirror" patterns (pm patterns).
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Wallpaper Group pmg A symmetry type characterized by parallel mirrors and parallel glides that intersect at right angles. Produces "Parallel mirrors & glide" patterns (pmg patterns).
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Wallpaper Group pmm A symmetry type characterized by reflections in perpendicular mirrors. Produces "Double mirror" patterns (pmm patterns).
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Wallpaper Groups A mathematical concept that uses symmetry to classify surface
repeat patterns(repetitive designs on a two-dimensional plane). There are exactly seventeen (17) wallpaper groups that correspond to seventeen different types of
surface patterns. Similarly, there are seven (7) frieze groups that correspond to seven types of linear
(frieze) patterns.
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Wallpaper Pattern A
repeat pattern on a two-dimensional plane. Same as
surface pattern. There are exactly seventeen (17) types of wallpaper patterns. See
wallpaper groups. Similarly, there are seven (7)
frieze patterns that correspond to seven types of linear patterns.
»
Watercolor Imitating effects produced by painting with watercolors (aquarelles). Often creates patterns with light, soft, and transparent gradations.
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Weaving A method of making fabrics by interlacing two sets of yarns (threads), in which one set (warp) runs along the length of fabric and the other (weft) runs from side to side. The three basic weaves are
plain,
twill, and
satin.
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Windowpane Check A widely spaced
check pattern resembling panes in a window. Commonly used on suits, shirtings, and accessories.
»
Wreath A ring-shaped intertwined garland of flowers or leaves, often with ribbons and/or other decorations.
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ZZalij The intricate
geometric mosaic tilework created from sets of characteristic shapes, typically cut from enameled terracotta squares. Used as decorations outside and inside buildings. Another spelling is
zillij.
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Zillij The intricate
geometric mosaic tilework created from sets of characteristic shapes, typically cut from enameled terracotta squares. Used as decorations outside and inside buildings. Another spelling is
zalij.
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