Definition of different types of yarn

Different kinds of yarn are used in textile sector. These are different in structure and character. Definition of these yarn are given below:

• Spun yarn: Spun yarn is defined as the twisted continuous strand of staple fiber having considerable strength; twist is given to gripping each other of staple fiber. It should have definite fineness and no. of twist per inch, which ensure its suitability for next consequence processes. Spun yarns are formed by flyer, rotor, air-jet and vortex-spinning system.
• Filament yarn: Filament yarn is defined as the twisted or without twisted strands of filaments, where each filament runs the whole length of yarn. When yarn is composed of one filament is called ‘monofilament yarn’. If yarn is composed of more than one filament is called ‘multifilament yarn’. There are approximately 50 to more than 100 filaments present in one multifilament yarn.
• Carded yarn: Yarn produced from fibers that have been only carded but not combed. Carded yarn is also ring, rotor and vortex yarn.
• Combed yarn: Yarn produced from fibers that have been both carded and combed. Normally carded yarn is manufactured by ring spinning system. The combing process is an additional step beyond carding. In this process the fibers are arranged in a highly parallel form, and additional short fibers, neps and trash are removed, producing high quality yarns with excellent strength and evenness. Normally combing is necessary to manufacture good quality fine yarn.
• Ring yarn: Ring yarn is formed by the twisting of ring and traveler combination by ring spinning machine. Normally ring yarn can be coarse to fine in fineness.
• Rotor yarn: Rotor yarn is formed by twisting of rotor by rotor spinning machine. This yarn can be formed from short fiber. Normally rotor yarn is coarse. Rotor yarn is also called open end yarn.
• Air-jet yarn: Air-jet yarn is manufactured by air-jet spinning machine. This yarn is false twist or zero twist yarn. This yarn is coarse to medium in fineness.
• Vortex yarn: Vortex yarn is manufactured by vortex spinning machine. This yarn is coarse to medium in fineness. Vortex yarn is also open end yarn.
• Woven yarn: Yarn is manufactured for the purpose of woven cloth manufacturing is called woven yarn. If yarn is used at the lengthwise direction of cloth is called warp yarn and if yarn is used at the widthwise direction of cloth is called weft yarn. Normally warp yarn is stronger than weft yarn.
• Knit yarn: yarn which is manufactured for the purpose of knitted cloth manufacturing is called knit yarn. Knit yarn is a low twisted soft yarn.
• Single yarn: Single yarns are made from single filaments or from group of staple or filament fibers twisted together to form the desired yarn. Monofilament, Multifilament and spun yarns are all single yarns.
• Ply yarn:   Ply yarns are made by twisting together two or more single yarns. Each part of the yarn is called a ply. Yarn can be two, three or four plied. Sewing thread is ply yarn.
• Cord yarn: Cord yarns are formed by twisted together of plied yarns. They are seldom used in conventional fabrics.
• 100% Cotton:  The yarn has 100% cotton fiber.
• P/C or T/C: Yarn produced by blending of cotton and polyester fibers. The maximum part of this yarn is polyester. The yarn has more than 50% polyester fibers and rest portion is cotton
• CVC:  A blended yarn having more percentage of cotton as compared to that of polyester is called chief value cotton or CVC yarn. For example,   Cotton: Polyester is 70:30 or 60:40.

Instead of these, there are also many yarns, which are formed by special way with special character for different extra ordinary purpose. The name of some special yarn: Mixture or Ingrain yarn, Mélange yarn, Mottle yarn, Jaspe yarn, Slub yarn, Knop yarn, Loop yarn, Chenille yarn, Crepe yarn, Glitter yarn.